Descriptive Essay Compact Ability - 1277 Words

S Compact-ability Compact-ability is the density of propositions given in a designated area. The density and proximity of people, activities, and built environments have always been defining characteristics of a city. Compact-ability is the culmination of the 4 previous idea. Take a fountain in a public square for instance (definability). A fountain will be an excellent resting place for people. Add extra benches and shelters around the fountain to accommodate even more people (comfortability). Allow for people to approach the fountain from different directions will allow more people to come to the fountain (walkability). Perhaps have signage and parking available to allow people to find and attend the fountain (accessibility). The†¦show more content†¦Store layout starts with the Floor Plan. Floor plan is the foundation that gives a structure through which to understand and organize everything else. There are over 8 different retail store floor plans. The most common are: straight floor pl an, angel floor plan, mixed and loop. Straight Floor Plan Is considered to be the most efficient floor plan because it uses not only the floor space but also the wall space. Even commonly unused areas, like corners are used for displays and shelving. A straight floor plan is very customizable; therefore, a wide variety of stores can use this plan and incorporate many aisle layouts into it. Angle Floor Plan The floor plan that uses a variety of different shapes and objects to create a visually appealing space with a sophisticated feel. Stores with this kind of floor planning are usually very high-end and put emphasis on how the products are displayed rather than their quantity. Mixed Floor Plan Mixed Floor plan is the most customizable plan that creates a very functional store. It gives an ability to group products in your stores based on different themes. A department store is the best example for this kind of floor plan: a big quantity of products is offered by communicating different vibes and highlighting variety. Loop Floor Plan This kind of floor plan has one defined main aisle that loops around the whole store. It will show moreShow MoreRelatedThe Miss Dennis School Of Writing, By Alice Steinbach, And No Wonder They Call Me A Bitch858 Words   |  4 PagesIn the essays The Miss Dennis School of Writing, by Alice Steinbach, and No Wonder They Call me a Bitch, by Ann Hodgman, both authors use description to get across the points they wish to make. The authors’ purpose for both of these essays are to catch the reader’s attention as well as to provide the readers with life lessons through descriptive writing. 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Strengths And Weaknesses Of Group Decision Making

Questions: 1. Build as essay constrsting the strengths and weeknesses of group decision making illustrating your support of your arguements? 2. In your opinion how do personality traits impact managerial decision making?What role does "value" play in this regard ? illustrate your answer? Answers: 1. Strengths and weaknesses of group decision making Decision making process is one of the most important organizational activities. Generally the managers are responsible for taking decisions for different types of tasks within the business and employee management. At present, most of the business organizations are dealing with diverse work force. The members off diverse work team can have different point of views and it often leads to conflict during the decision making process (Wei 2011). For this reason group discussion has gained the high level of importance in the organizational decision making process. At the time of decision making, group discussion plays an important role as more innovative ideas can be gathered from the different team members of the organization. At the same time this process takes more time for making the decision which delays a particular activity. The following discussion will help to understand the different types of advantages and disadvantages of the group decision making process (DuBrin 2013). Synergy and information sharing are the most important advantages of the group decision making process. Synergy refers to the concept that the sum of the partial information collected from different team members is not enough for analyzing the whole situation. . The group discussion provides the facility of taking decisions collectively. The judgment of a group decision making process can be more acceptable than the judgment of any individual manager of the organization. Questioning the team members and collecting different answers from them provide more complete and robust recommendations for solving a particular problem than the managerial decision making process. Information sharing is another great advantage of the group decision making process (Griffin and Moorhead 2011). The collective ideas are used for identifying the most effective one for the particular situation. Information sharing also increases the ability to understand and clarify the problems for making appropriate d ecisions. Group decision making process provides more alternatives for solving a particular problem and the organizations - get several options and ideas for resolving a particular issue. The team members have different types of specializations with different types of knowledge base (Langton, Robbins and Judge 2015). Therefore, the group discussion making process is able to provide more comprehensive ideas. The decisions taken in the group discussions are democratic in nature while the managerial decisions are autocratic. Democratic decisions are more acceptable by the people than the autocratic decisions since all the team members take active part in the decision making procedure. Another important advantage of the group decision making process is the employee motivation. The employees feel motivated by taking part in the decision making process and the employability skills also increase through this (Wilson 2013). Though group decision making process has a lot of advantages some mentionable disadvantages or weaknesses of this process have been identified. The most important weakness of the group decision making is that it can create a diffusion of responsibility. This can be lead to lack of accountability - of the team members and ultimately hinder the achievement of team goal. In case of failure - to achieve desired outcome nobody takes the responsibility of the failure. Everybody blames other team members for the collective decision. Sometimes the group decisions are less efficient than the individual decisions as this takes more time for being selected and then evaluated (McMurray et al. 2012). Team member selection for the group discussions, arranging meetings, discussion and selecting the superior alternative takes are. The meetings for the group discussion should be well planned. Without proper planning and effective participation of the team members, group discussion meetings will not b e able to provide proper solutions. Groupthink is another scenario which can reduce the efficiency of the group decision making process. In this scenario, some of the team members hold stereotypes view while judging opposite people in the group. They may call the entire team weak by considering one weak idea given by a team member. This may be the cause of creating a new problem instead of achieving the solution of the previous problem (Tannenbaum, Weschler and Massarik 2013). These members start judging the opposite by the example of one member. Some other employees will apply direct pressure to the members who are raising questions about their ideas. Some people remain silent in the group discussion just because of thinking that the ideas they have are not so effective for this scenario. Some victims of the groupthink are just trying to protest against the decisions proposed by other but not expressing any new ideas. These people or victims of groupthink are problematic for achiev ing the effective outcome from the group decision making process. Group polarization is another important weakness of the group decision making process (Gwo-Hshiung 2010). This is the tendency of the group to converge on more extreme solution to a particular problem. Members of the group decision making process are not so responsible than the individual decision makers. There are different types of process of the group decision making process such as brainstorming, teleconferencing, general meetings etc. The management of the organization should choose an effective option for the group meeting for the purpose of decision making. The option should be chosen based on the situation. Improper selection of the strategy for the group discussion may be the cause of getting improper outcome of the decision making process. In case of presence of any dominating senior in the group discussion may block the ideas of other lower level of employees in the decision making process (Miner 2015). It can be concluded that the group decisions making process is effective in the area of the corporate culture of the present world. The business organizations are getting the scope of taking more superior decisions through the group decision making procedure. It is true that the group decision making process is able to produce more effective ideas but it is also true that the process takes a lot of time. In most of the critical situations, the organizations needs to take decision quickly and they do not have enough time for the group decision making. This is a major weakness of using the group decision making process. The organizations should take necessary steps for avoiding the discussed weaknesses of the group decision making process. 2. Impact of personality traits in managerial decision making and the role of value Managerial decision making process associated with the personalities of the managers. The personality of the managers shapes the behavior of them. The acceptability rate of the managerial decisions is dependent on the personality of the managers. Earlier research works in the area of the personality have said that the personality refers to the different types of characteristics used for defining an individuals behavior. The popular characteristics used for defining personality are shy, aggressive, lazy, loyal, timid, submissive etc. When these characteristics exhibited in a large number of situations, then they are termed as personality traits (Yu and Lai 2011). Personality traits should get high level of priority in the organizational culture as the decision making process of the organizations is highly attached with this. Identifying the personality traits has become very popular while selecting the employees at the time of recruitment and at the time of assigning jobs. The managerial decisions are taken buy the managers and the decisions are dependent on the personality traits of the managers. Different people think from different point of views while developing ideas for solving a particular problem (Mukhopadhyay 2015). The angle of thinking differs over the personality traits of the people. The effectiveness of the managerial decisions is also dependent on the personality traits of the managers. The personality traits of the employees are also very important for the different types of decisions taken by the managers. Different organizations have different types of job responsibilities in their work places and different types of jobs req uire different types of personality traits for conducting them efficiently. While taking the decisions about assigning jobs to the employees, the managers consider the personality traits of the employees for assigning the jobs to the right people (Pinder 2014). The outcome of the managerial decisions is dependent on the proper assessment of the personality traits of the employees. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is the most popular way of analyzing the personality traits of the employees. In this method, the expressions of the employees are analyzed from different angles. Feelings and the way of expressing the behavioral outcomes of the managers are the most important personality traits. The MBTI model analyze thinking versus feeling and judging versus perceiving for analyzing the ability of working and decision making (Zimmerman and Yahya-Zadeh 2011). While taking any decisions for the wrong activities performed by the employees or low performances of the employees, the pers onality traits of the managers are the most important fact. In case of very strict managers the employees would get proper punishments where in the case of sensitive managers, the employees would get some lower level of penalties. The sensitivity of the managers is also very important while taking decisions in any ethical dilemma (Wu and Pagell 2011). Personality and values are two interrelated words but they are not the same. Values are the specific terms which describe the beliefs of the people rather than the behavioral tendencies of them. Sometimes values are used for describing the personalities of the employees. Values are often connected with the ethical behavior of the employees. The ethical values of the managers are very important for the managerial decision making process (Aharoni, Tihanyi and Connelly 2011). Especially at the time of ethical dilemmas, the managerial decision making process is fully dependent on the ethical values of the managers. In this type of situation, the managers take decisions based on their values or beliefs about the situation. The managers who live in the world of imagination and the high values of independence and freedom would not be able to take proper decisions based on the dominant values of the organization. The managers should have the beliefs about the organizations core value for tak ing the most superior decisions at the time of taking decisions for solving the ethical dilemmas or some critical problems in the work places (Griffin and Moorhead 2011). The managerial decision making process is totally dependent on the personality of the managers. The angle of thinking and the capabilities of sensing a situation are dependent on the personality traits of the managers. In this area, the values of the managers also play a vital role. As discussed in this essay, at the time of solving ethical dilemmas, the values of the mangers plays the most vital role in the decision making process. Both of the personality traits and the values of the managers are responsible for the effectiveness of the managerial decisions. References Aharoni, Y., Tihanyi, L. and Connelly, B.L., 2011. Managerial decision-making in international business: A forty-five-year retrospective.Journal of World Business,46(2), pp.135-142. DuBrin, A.J., 2013.Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Griffin, R. and Moorhead, G., 2011.Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning. Gwo-Hshiung, T., 2010. Multiple attribute decision making: methods and applications.Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications. Langton, N., Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T.A., 2015.Organizational Behaviour: Concepts, Controversies, Applications. Pearson Canada. McMurray, A.J., Islam, M., Sarros, J.C. and Pirola-Merlo, A., 2012. The impact of leadership on workgroup climate and performance in a non-profit organization.Leadership Organization Development Journal,33(6), pp.522-549. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mukhopadhyay, D., 2015. Organizational behaviour across cultures.Organizational Behaviour. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I. and Massarik, F., 2013.Leadership and organization. Routledge. Wei, G.W., 2011. Some generalized aggregating operators with linguistic information and their application to multiple attribute group decision making.Computers Industrial Engineering,61(1), pp.32-38. Wilson, F.M., 2013.Organizational behaviour and work: a critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Wu, Z. and Pagell, M., 2011. Balancing priorities: Decision-making in sustainable supply chain management.Journal of Operations Management,29(6), pp.577-590. Yu, L. and Lai, K.K., 2011. A distance-based group decision-making methodology for multi-person multi-criteria emergency decision support.Decision Support Systems,51(2), pp.307-315. Zimmerman, J.L. and Yahya-Zadeh, M., 2011. Accounting for decision making and control.Issues in Accounting Education,26(1), pp.258-259.

Classical Essays - Behaviorism, Learning, Experimental Psychology

Classical And Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are different learning methods. The two methods have the word conditioning in common. What is conditioning? Conditioning is the acquisition of specific patterns of behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli. Both classical and operant conditioning are basic forms of learning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus. This is done by manipulating reflexes. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the likelihood of a behavior is increased or decreased by the use of reinforcement or punishment. Operant conditioning deals with more cognitive thought process. These two forms of learning have similarities and differences. Their similarities are that they both produce basic phenomena. One such phenomenon is acquisition. Both types of conditioning result in the inheritance of a behavior. One of the most famous of experiments that illustrates classical conditioning is Pavlov's Dogs. In this experiment, Pavlov sat behind a one-way mirror and controlled the presentation of a bell. The bell was the conditioned stimulus. A conditioned stimulus was an originally neutral stimulus that could eventually produce a desired response when presented alone. Directly after the ringing of the bell, Pavlov gave the dog food. The food was the unconditioned stimulus. This means that the food caused an uncontrollable response whenever it was presented alone. That response would be the salivation of the dog. A tube that was in the dog's mouth then measured the saliva. When the unconditioned stimulus (US) was paired with a conditioned stimulus (CS), it eventually resulted in a conditioned response. Extinction results if there is a decrease in frequency or strength of a learned response due to the failure to continue to pair the US and the CS. Extinction can also occur in operant conditioning. The key to operant conditioning is reinforcement. Reinforcement is when a stimulus is presented that increases the probability that the preceding response will recur in the future. If reinforcement is withheld, extinction will occur in operant conditioning. Another factor that is involved in conditioning is spontaneous recovery. That is the reappearance of an extinguished response after the passage of time, without further training. If Pavlov's dogs did not hear the bell for a few years, and if when they heard it later they drooled, it would be an example of spontaneous recovery. Something similar occurs with operant conditioning. If an animal was conditioned to behave in a certain manor, but then their reinforcement was stopped, that animal may still have a reaction to the stimulus at a much later date. Organisms that are being conditioned through operant or classical conditioning can go through something that is known as stimulus generalization. This is when there is a transfer of a learned response to different but similar stimuli. An example would be if one of Pavlov's dogs salivated to the sound of a bell that was different from the one that they were originally conditioned with. Stimulus discrimination is another phenomena that occurs with classical and operant conditioning. Discrimination is when an organism learns to respond to only one stimulus and inhibit the response to all other stimuli. It is the reverse of generalization. If an organism hears many different sounds, but is only given reinforcement for responding to only one of the sounds, it learns to discriminate between the sounds. Some of the differences between operant and classical conditioning lie in the extent to which reinforcement depends on the behavior of the learner. In classical conditioning, the learner is automatically reinforced. That is how it learns to respond to a once neutral stimulus. In operant conditioning, the learner must provide a correct response in order to received the reinforcement. Another difference between the two forms of conditioning is the type of behavior to which each method applies. Classical conditioning applies to a behavior that is always wanted. It was Pavlov's purpose to have the dogs salivate on command. In operant conditioning, a behavior can be learned or extinguished. If you wanted to train a dog not to do something, you would use a form of punishment. Classical and operant conditioning are similar, but they do differ in a few ways. Both are fairly reliable ways to teach an organism to act in a specific manor.

Handwriting v Typing Essay Example

Handwriting v Typing Essay Example Handwriting v Typing Essay Handwriting v Typing Essay Handwriting v Typing BY titus2211 The process of reading and writing involves a number of senses, she explains. When writing by hand, our brain receives feedback from our motor actions, together with the sensation of touching a pencil and paper. These kinds of feedback is significantly different from those we receive when touching and typing on a keyboard. Learning by doing Together with neurophysiologist Jean-Luc Velay at the University of Marseille, Anne Mangen has written an article published in the Advances in Haptics periodical. They have examined research which goes a long way in confirming the significance of hese differences. An experiment carried out by Velays research team in Marseille establishes that different parts of the brain are activated when we read letters we have learned by handwriting, from those activated when we recognise letters we have learned through typing on a keyboard. When writing by hand, the movements involved leave a motor memory in the sensorimotor part of the brain, which helps us recognise letters. This implies a connection between reading and writing, and suggests that the sensorimotor system plays a role in the process of visual recognition during reading, Mangen explains. Other experiments suggest that the brains Brocas area is discernibly more activated when we are read a verb which is linked to a physical activity, compared with being read an abstract verb or a verb not associated with any action. This also happens when you observe someone doing something. You dont have to do anything yourself. Hearing about or watching some activity is often enough. It may even suffice to observe a familiar tool associated with a particular physical activity, Mangen says. Since writing by hand takes longer than typing on a keyboard, the temporal aspect may also influence the learning process, she adds. : The term haptic refers to the process of touching and the way in which we communicate by touch, particularly by using our fingers and hands to explore our surroundings. Haptics include both our perceptions when we relate passively to our surroundings, and when we move and act. A lack of focus There is a lot of research on haptics in relation to computer games, in which for instance vibrating hand controls are employed. According to Mangen, virtual drills with sound and vibration are used for training dentists. But there has been very little effort to include haptics within the humanistic disciplines, she explains. In educational science, there is scant interest in the ergonomics of reading and writing, and its potential significance in the learning process. Mangen refers to an experiment involving two groups of adults, in which the participants were assigned the task of having to learn to write in an unknown alphabet, consisting of approximately twenty letters. One group was taught to write by hand, while the other was using a keyboard. Three and six weeks into the experiment, the participants recollection of these letters, as well as their rapidity in distinguishing right and reversed letters, were tested. Those who had learned the letters by handwriting came out best in all tests. Furthermore, fMRI brain scans indicated an activation of the Brocas area within this group. Among those who had learned by typing on keyboards, there was little or no activation of this area. The sensorimotor component with learning difficulties. But there is little awareness and understanding of the importance of handwriting to the learning process, beyond that of writing itself, Mangen says. She refers to pedagogical research on writing, which has moved from a cognitive approach to a focus on contextual, social and cultural relations. In her opinion, a one-sided focus on context may lead to neglect of the individual, physiological, sensorimotor and phenomenological connections. Interdisciplinary collaboration Within the field of psychology, there is an awareness of the danger of paying too much attention on mentality. According to Mangen, perception and sensorimotor now play a more prominent role. Our bodies are designed to interact with the world which surrounds us. We are living creatures, geared toward using physical objects be it a book, a keyboard or a pen to perform certain tasks, she says. Being a media nd reading researcher, Anne Mangen is a rare bird within her field of study. And she is very enthusiastic about her collaboration with a neurophysiologist. We combine very different disciplines. Velay has carried out some very exciting experiments on the difference between handwriting and the use of keyboards, from a neurophysiologic perspective. My contribution centres on how we as humans with bodies and brains experience the writing process, through using different technologies in different ways. And how these technologies interfaces influence our experience, she concludes.

Professional skill Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professional skill - Case Study Example In this case, the data was "personal" because the data subjects could be identified from the data. There were no emergencies to process the data, the data was processed for a new application and the data subjects were identifiable from the parameters. Assuming that the company had finished serving the purpose of obtaining the data, it needed further consent from the subjects to reuse it or it should have deleted the data as per law. (2) The Sports Goods Chain did not protect the data from being easily accessed and the company is responsible. The Seventh principle of the Act was breached with the onus of responsibility on the company. Data must be kept private and secure. This means that the data must be protected by sufficient technical and organisational means and restricted to authorised persons by means of passwords or other secure means. The responsibility of the breach lies on the sports goods chain. The breaches can be attributed to the fact that the Sports goods chain did not put sufficient technical and organisational mechanisms in place to ensure that it adequately protected its data. The company's implementation of privacy and published data protection policies were not executed properly. There was an absence of system level authentication and authorization to protect the data and make specific portions available to only those who require it. It was because of this that the contractor was able to gain unauthorised access to the data. The contractor must have been bound rigidly by the terms of the non-disclosure agreement and terms of use, which clearly define his rights, and his curtail the retention of the data for future use by him, even if he was able to access it. (3) There was unauthorized access to information by the contractor facilitated by inadequate protection by the company. The Data Protection Act of 1998, Chapter 9, Part VI section 55, (1) (a), (3) was breached. From the contractor's perspective, he accessed data and obtained data, which he should not have, in spite of the fact he was able to access it. He also retained the data for future reference. This may cause further distress to the data subjects if the data is used for other purposes that it was originally meant to be utilised. (4) There was disclosure of information of personal data for which the contractor was wholly responsible. The Data Protection Act of 1998, Chapter 9, Part VI section 55, (1) (b), (3) was breached. He discussed the wrongly acquired personal data that identified its data subjects, with his pals at the pub and that was absolutely a disclosure of information. Hence, the contractor is liable of an offence. Email Etiquette Following the right email, etiquette will ensure that there is no miscommunication or misunderstanding. It will make the usage of email more efficient, productive and professional. The fundamental rules of email are very basic and simple in personal and official communications. In organisations, the boundaries of usage are generally well documented. 1. E-mails are to be checked regularly and promptly responded. Messages need to be clear, concise, and focused and readable. Clear identity to recipient and a crisp subject line allow a hint of the content. ( http://www.iwillfollow.com/email.htm) 2. Simple fonts, sufficient formatting, adequate

Difference between rationalism and empiricism Essay

Difference between rationalism and empiricism - Essay Example Rationalist believe that truth exists and rational and logic can grasp truth. Empiricism Empiricism is a Greek Philosophy Empiricism is a philosophy which bases on experience for knowledge This philosophy establishes that sensory experience is the sole way to gain knowledge Empiricism is related to the material world and phenomenon of universe. Empiricism is related to posteriori knowledge which means knowledge need experience. Empiricism explains that all human ideas are based on some outward experience Empiricsim is a psychological thought. Empiricism is philosophical theory which believe on intelligent assessment of things in universe Empiricist believe that knowledge is gained though experience and not by innate ideas. Plausibility of the theories Rationalism -Rationalism is a theory which is based on logic or rational. It is right that logic is predisposed with us who give us the ability to understand between right and wrong. If a person does not have logic then it is not possib le for him to evaluate experience or gain knowledge. However, logic itself cannot give knowledge, as human being is social beings some kind of experience can complete our knowledge level. The strength of this philosophy is universal and eternal which means that if one person can think then all others can as well. Rationalism makes us independent because we don’t need experience from outside to increase our knowledge. This philosophy believes in innate ideas and hence is natural and pure. The weakness of this philosophy is that only by thinking one cannot gain knowledge. For example ;We can imagine of a strawberry of how it would look like but we can never think of it taste. This is because our brain does not have the faculty to give sense of taste of aching which we never... Rationalism -Rationalism is a theory which is based on logic or rational. It is right that logic is predisposed with us who give us the ability to understand between right and wrong. If a person does not have logic then it is not possible for him to evaluate experience or gain knowledge. However, logic itself cannot give knowledge, as a human being is social beings some kind of experience can complete our knowledge level. The strength of this philosophy is universal and eternal which means that if one person can think then all others can as well. Rationalism makes us independent because we don’t need experience from outside to increase our knowledge. This philosophy believes in innate ideas and hence is natural and pure. The weakness of this philosophy is that only by thinking one cannot gain knowledge. For example, We can imagine of a strawberry of how it would look like but we can never think of its taste. This is because our brain does not have the faculty to give a sense o f taste of aching which we never experienced.Empiricism -The main strength of empiricism is that it believes that knowledge can come only through experience which is obtained through sensory organs. We learn from scientific methods and experiments and gain knowledge more and more. According to this philosophy, the best way to understand things is to see with the eyes. The second strength of empiricism is that it gives experimental reasoning. Here the past experience and observation contribute to the gaining of knowledge.

Fundamentals of Accounting Essay Example for Free

Fundamentals of Accounting Essay For â€Å"Goods for Sales† inventory is usually divided into 1. Raw Materials : a) Natural Raw Materials: Cotton, Wools and etc. b) Synthetic Raw Materials: Acrylic, Viscose, Nylon, Polyester, etc. 2. Work in Process (WIP) : It’s starting with making Fibre from raw materials (Natural and Synthetic). Following by the process of spinning with the produced Fibre and come out with Yarn as the final product in spinning. Furthermore, Yarn will be processed into Grey Fabric by the process of weaving. Lastly, Processed Fabric is to be done from Grey Fabric. Processed Fabric will be used for Technical Textiles, Readymade Garments and Home Textiles. These products will contribute to further production of final goods. 3. Finished Goods : Finished goods will be categorised under the brand of PADINI, SEED, PADINI AUTHENTICS, PCo, PDI, MIKI, VINCCI and so on. For example of finished goods are: sweater, skirt, knit vest, cotton pant, dress, shirt, belt, bag, tie, jeans, blouse, scarf, jacket, trousers, blazer and so forth. 1.2 Process of Manufacturing Raw materials that can be divided into two distinct categories: those derived from natural materials (cotton, et cetera) and synthetic materials (polyester, et cetera). Fibre will be produced by compounding raw materials into one. Fibre then will undergo the process of spinning to become yarn. The production process begins with yarn purchasing and progresses through knitting, dyeing, and finishing. The processed fabric is then ready for further production. Process of Manufacturing (after processed fabric) is given below in details: No. Design It is given by buyers to manufacturers containing sketches including measurements of particular styles Manual/Computerized 02 Basic Block Basic block is an individual component of garments without any style of design Manual/Computerized 03 Working Pattern When a pattern is made for a particular style with net dimension regarding the basic block along with allowance then it is called working pattern. Manual/Computerized 04 Sample Garments After making a sample, it is sent to buyer for approval to rectify the faults Manual 05 Approved Sample After rectify the faults, sample is again sent to buyers. Manual 06 Costing Fabric Costing, Making Charged, Trimmings, Profit Manual 07 Production Pattern Making allowance with net dimension for bulk production Manual/Computerized 08 Grading Different in sizes. S, M, L, XL, XXL Manual/Computerized 09 Marker Making Marker is a thin paper which contains all the components for different sizes for a particular style of garments Manual/Computerized 10 Fabric Spreading To spread the fabrics on table properly for cutting Manual/Computerized 11 Cutting To cut fabric according to marker dimension Manual/Computerized 12 Sorting Bundling Sort out the fabric according to size and for each size make in individual bundles Manual 13 Sewing To assemble a full garments Manual 14 Ironing Finishing After sewing we will get a complete garment which is treated with steam ironing also several finishing processes are done for example extra loose thread cutting Manual 15 Inspection Should be approved as initial sample Manual 16 Packing Treated by Polyethylene bag Manual 1.3 Inventories Valuation Method Cost is determined using the first-in-first-out method for Padini Holdings Berhad for the financial year ended 30 June. p. 62 Note: *Full page copy of Financial Statement for this particular section will show at Appendix. 1.4 Amount of Closing Inventories The amount of closing inventories as reported in the financial statement for Padini Holdings Berhad was RM192, 285, 000 for the financial year ended 30 June. p. 80 Note: *Full page copy of Financial Statement for this particular section will show at Appendix. References: 1) http://www.indiamart.com/kishco-silver/products.html 2) http://crisil.com/pdf/research/CRISIL-Research-cust-bulletin_jan12.pdf 3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_industry 4) http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/PAD:MK 5) http://tlc.howstuffworks.com/home/how-is-fabric-created1.htm